Causes of low back pain at a young  age ?

Back pain in young people both female and male can have many causes, including:

• Muscle strain: the most common cause of back pain in children and adolescents, generally caused by physical activity, such as sports, or by lifting something heavy or improperly. 
• Poor posture: especially if a child is carrying a heavy backpack. 
• Overuse: Intensive training, such as in dance or gymnastics, can lead to back pain. 
• Sedentary lifestyle: Children or Young people who don't move much may have weak core muscles or back strain from being overweight. 
  
  Scoliosis: A lateral curvature of the spine that can cause back pain, especially in adolescent age.
  
• Spondylolysis: A weakness in the bony bridges of the vertebral bones that can cause low back pain. 
• Infections: Infections of the spinal bones or discs can cause back pain. 
• Slipped discs: A less common cause of back pain. 
• Herniated disc: A protrusion of the gel-filled discs that protect the spine can affect nearby nerves and cause pain. 

Causes of Low Back Pain at Older age : 

Back pain in older adults can have many causes including:

• Degenerative conditions
• Aging can lead to the breakdown of the discs between the vertebrae, which can cause conditions like degenerative disc disease and spinal stenosis. 
• Osteoarthritis :it is caused by the wear and tear of cartilage, is also a common cause of back pain in older adults. 
• Mechanical or structural problems: These can include a herniated disc, which occurs when a disc compresses a nerve, or a sprain, which is an injury to the ligaments that support the spine. 

• Infections: cause back pain, and can spread from another source or be caused by direct inoculation. 

Mental health conditions

• Depression and anxiety can cause physical discomfort, including back pain. 
• Other risk factors

Other Causes of Back pain at elder age include: 

• Traumatic injuries, like whiplash
• Inflammatory conditions, like ankylosing spondylitis
• Metabolic issues
• Referred pain from inflammation of visceral organs
• Postural issues from spending too much time sitting upright
• Congenital conditions
  

Primary Symptoms of Low Back pain?

•    Pain: A dull ache or Sharp pain or a tingling sensation or burning sensation.

•    Radiating Pain : Pain that spreads to other areas of the body such as the leg , buttocks or sometimes at the abdomen .

•   Movement Restriction : Low back pain limits your movement such as walking or standing for a longer duration , side turning at bed , forward bending etc.
•  Other Symptoms : cause weakness in the legs or feet ,loss of balance , or co-ordination , numbness or tingling in the limbs or stiffness in the morning.

•  Less common Symptoms : Unintentional weight loss ,fever or lack of bowel control

• The careful history of the patient is needed to determine whether the causes are mechanical, or secondary and more threatening. Treatments are planned accordingly for the recovery of patient.

• Physical exam: certain aspects of the physical examination are considered important.

• Range of Motion and its Examination : The examiner should record the patient's forward flexion, extension, lateral flexion and lateral rotation of the upper torso.

• Special tests: Some special tests include SLR , SLUMP TEST ,helps us to diagnose more specifically and errorless.

Most advanced options for low back physiotherapy treatment are: 

1. Electrotherapy: UST, IFT , TENS are various method of electrotherapy options used to treat low back pain to reduce pain , swelling and inflammation .

2.  Kinesiology Taping :It is to apply the tape or special tape around the low back. The tape is placed on specific locations, which is said to manage pain by controlling muscles and joints.

3. Postural correction:  if your posture is incorrect, it can affect the alignment of your body, and cause low back pain, postural correction is one of primary preventive measurements for low back pain .

4. Exercise therapy : Resistive training ,Progressive Resistive Training  or circuit training ,Exercise therapy it helps to increase muscle’s endurance and strength . 

5.  Joint manipulation or Chiropractic : A physiotherapist or physical therapist uses a controlled force to move a joint through its full range of motion, which can help with pain,

stiffness, and joint function. This technique often produces a popping or cracking sound as gas bubbles are released from the joint.

It can help with low back pain by improving joint lubrication, increasing circulation, and reducing

inflammation.

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